List of Doctor Who home video releases.This is a list of home video releases of Doctor Who serials.By the shows 5.Anniversary year in 2.DVD or Blu ray.By 2.Most Doctor Who DVDs have been released first in the United Kingdom with Region 2, and released later in Australia and New Zealand Region 4 and in North America Region 1.A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment.In simple language, a hedge is used to.Aside from differences in the external packaging, special features and commentaries are mostly identical in all versionscitation needed.The Region 1 release of The Five Doctors contains a commentary track featuring Peter Davison and Terrance Dicks not available on the earlier Region 2 release.All Region 1 releases prior to September 2.Whos Who feature that identified key cast members and gave brief biographies and filmographies.The Region 1 releases of Robots of Death, The Ark in Space, The Talons of Weng Chiang, and Pyramids of Mars also include a featurette with the syndicated Time Life introductions and closings narrated by Howard da Silvacitation needed.There are also minor variations having to do with technical glitches that occurred in the Region 2 discs but were corrected in time for the Region 1 release The Caves of Androzani, Remembrance of the Daleks, Complete Series Two box setcitation needed.The Region 2 discs released up to 2.Region 4, so the two have been identical this practice ceased for new releases in 2.The only exceptions are Vengeance on Varos, which fixed an error on the Region 2 version in episode 2, and Remembrance of the Daleks, which used the NTSC master due to errors on the UK version and issues about music clearance.The Region 1 classic series DVDs are labelled with story numbers, which are listed below.The numbering system follows that used in the 1.The Discontinuity Guide.Registered TimeIPS Support Portal is now available Posted by TimeIPS Staff on Sep 30, 2005 0935 AM TimeIPS News Welcome to the TimeIPS Support Portal, the.It differs slightly from that used by Doctor Who Magazine the source for the Wikipedia list of Doctor Who serials, firstly by including the uncompleted serial Shada, and secondly by counting the four segments of The Trial of a Time Lord as four separate stories.Because of this, both schemes are identical until the 1.The Horns of Nimon, after which they diverge.D27zNVso3Q/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' title='Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' />Angels Demons is a 2009 American mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Akiva Goldsman and David Koepp, based on Dan Browns novel of the same name.I/51IQ04YoepL.jpg' alt='Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' title='Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' />The Region 1 DVDs of the 2.Doctor Who do not have story numbers, so none are listed here.As well as the DVDs, episode soundtracks, including releases of soundtracks where the video elements of episodes no longer exist with linking narration being added as a substitute are also released on CD.For a full list of these and other releases, see List of Doctor Who audio releases.As of 2.October 2.DVD.There are 2.ScheduleeditPrior to autumn 2.Region 2 release pattern was one release approximately every two months, for six releases a year.Starting in 2.January one would consist of a box set.Beginning in late 2.DVDs that would contain fewer extras than the special edition DVDs that make up the rest of the line.Likewise, the definition of special editions was expanded to include sets of two or more related serials.This rate increase brings the typical R2 schedule up to ten releases of one or more serials apiece one a month, excepting February and December.Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' title='Angels And Demons Soundtrack 503 Download Music' />Although Region 1 initially lagged somewhat behind Region 2, its release rate up until the R2 schedule change in late 2.The yearly box set was typically slotted for March, while June, September, and November were each scheduled for two releases.By March 2.Region 1 catalogue had essentially caught up with Region 2.As of January 2.Region 1 and Region 2 release schedule were synchronised, with titles being released in North America within a month after the UK release.The Region 4 release schedule has since followed suit.FeatureseditWith few exceptions noted below, each of the classic series stories have been carefully restored by the Doctor Who Restoration Team from the best available materials, and are presented as originally broadcastin episodic format, where applicable.Other features present on every or nearly every DVD include cast and crew commentary, subtitles, production notes, and a photo gallery.Special edition releases which make up the bulk of the line see above also typically include one or more documentaries relating to the serial in question, any relevant archive material, andwhere applicablethe occasional highlight such as a Dolby 5.The precise features vary, depending on the available resources and the nature of the story.Most, but not all, Doctor Who mini episodes, prequels and webcasts are bundled as part of the DVD and Blu ray releases.For example, five prelude videos were released online as part of series 6, and these are extras on the series 6 box set.Some Doctor Who webcasts were released on their own special DVDs.Connect To Netzero Without Their Software Testing .Cars The Game Pc Cracked .Blu rayeditPlanet of the Dead was the first Doctor Who episode to be filmed and broadcast in high definition.It was released on Blu ray on the same day as its corresponding DVD in Region 2.All subsequent episodes excluding the animated Dreamland have also been filmed and broadcast in high definition and released on Blu ray, usually simultaneously with the corresponding DVDs.An upscaled version of The Next Doctor which was shot in standard definition was also released on Blu ray as part of a box set containing all of the 2.It was also released individually in Australia and New Zealand.In 2.Doctor Who serial Pyramids of Mars was included on both the DVD and Blu ray box sets for The Sarah Jane Adventures Season 4.Spearhead from Space, the only serial of the classic series shot completely on film, was released on Blu ray on 1.July 2.The 1.Blu ray release on September 1.Curiously, despite being shot entirely on film, the Blu ray release is simply an HD upscale of the 4.A Limited edition Blu ray box set containing Series 1 7 of Doctor Who was released 5 November 2.Series 1 4 was shot on Standard Definition video but upscaled and remastered to full 1.SpecificationseditEpisodes released on Blu ray starting with Planet of the Dead were shot in full 1.High Definition and have been released with DTS HD High Resolution 5.All Ninth and Tenth Doctor episodes appearing on Blu ray produced prior to Planet of the Dead have been upscaled to 1.The only classic series serial released on Blu ray in HD, Spearhead From Space, was shot entirely on 1.ReleaseseditThis is a list of Doctor Who DVD and Blu ray releases that have either been released or have been announced for release.Unless otherwise noted all dates refer to DVD releases only.D means DVD release, B means Blu ray release, D,B means both.First Doctor releaseseditStarring William Hartnell as the First Doctor.All surviving First Doctor serials and episodes were released on DVD from 2.Lost in Time vol.All existing episodes from otherwise missing First Doctor serials have been released on the Lost in Time collection, with the exception of Galaxy 4 episode 3, which was released as part of The Aztecs Special Edition The Reign of Terror which had its missing episodes animated for its individual DVD release and The Tenth Planet which had its missing episode animated for its release as part of the Regeneration Box and individual DVD release.Lost in Time was released in two formats in Region 1, with individual releases for volumes one and two which cover First Doctor and Second Doctor episodes respectively, as well as an edition combining both volumes.In Regions 2 and 4, Lost in Time is available only as the combined single volume.Second Doctor releaseseditStarring Patrick Troughton as the Second Doctor.All surviving Second Doctor serials and episodes were released on DVD from 2.Season.Story no.Serial name.Number and durationof episodes.R2 release date.R4 release date.R1 release date.The Power of the Daleksall 6 episodes animated6 2.November 2.December 2.February 2.January 2.The Power of the Daleks Blu ray Special Editionall 6 episodes animated, includes colour version6 2.February 2.February 2. Change Desktop Background Windows 10 . NA0.The Underwater Menaceepisodes 2 3 of 4, with telesnap reconstructions of episodes 1 47.October 2.December 2.May 2.The Moonbaseepisodes 2 4 of 4, animation of 1 34 2.January 2.January 2.
0 Comments
Applies To Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012.This user s guide for Microsoft Server Performance Advisor SPA provides guidelines.TypePerf_Help.png' alt='Microsoft Baseline Could Not Resolve The Computer Named The Beast' title='Microsoft Baseline Could Not Resolve The Computer Named The Beast' />Server Performance Advisor Users Guide.Applies To Windows Server 2.Windows Server 2.R2, Windows Server 2.This user s guide for Microsoft Server Performance Advisor SPA provides guidelines about how you can use SPA to help them identify performance bottlenecks in their systems for various server roles.SPA can help you with the following things helps you manage your server performance and troubleshoot server performance issues.Provides data reports and recommendations about common configuration and performance issues.Provides recommendations based on the data that it collects from the server and by applying rules which capture best practices.Note. The SPA Console does not make any changes to the servers.This guide can be used to run analysis on the following versions of Windows Server Windows Server 2.R2. Windows Server 2.Windows Server 2.R2. Windows Server 2.However, you can run the SPA console on any of the following Windows 8.Windows 8. Windows 7.Windows Server 2.R2. Windows Server 2.Windows Server 2.R2. Windows Server 2.SPA Advisor Packs, see Server Performance Advisor Pack Development Guide.Server Performance Advisor overview.This section explains the history of SPA, describes its target audience and scenarios, and presents an architectural overview of the tool.History of SPAThe original version of Microsoft Server Performance Advisor SPA was released in 2.It primarily targeted Windows Server 2.Internet Information Services IIS and active directory.The goal of the tool is to help you assess your server performance and troubleshoot server performance issues.SPA provides data reports and recommendations to system administrators about common configuration and performance issues.SPA gathers performance related data from various sources on servers, for example, performance counters, registry keys, WMI queries, configuration files, and Event Tracing for Windows ETW.Based on the server performance data that it collects, SPA can provide an in depth look at the current server performance situation and issue recommendations about what can be improved.There have been more than one million downloads of the original SPA tool, and it helped many system administrators manage the performance of their servers.It has been a very successful performance troubleshooting tool.Since the release of the original SPA, there are several major changes in the server performance world.Most notably, the release of Windows Server 2.R2, Windows Server 2.Windows Server 2.R2, and Windows Server 2.Internet Information Services IIS 8.Newer versions of Server Performance Advisor extend the capability of the original SPA to the recent server operating systems and server roles.Although SPA 3. 1 shares the same design goals and performance analysis paradigm as the original tool, it has been rewritten with the latest technology.It also has the following key improvements Can perform analysis against servers running Windows Server 2.R2, Windows Server 2.Windows Server 2.R2, and Windows Server 2.Supports remote analysis capability, which allows SPA 3.Uses a Microsoft SQL Server for data analysis and storage, which enables processing and storing large amount of data.Separates the tool from the Advisor Packs.Performance analysis logic for each server role is released in the form of an advisor pack, which can be released or updated separately from the tool.Provides Advisor Packs that are developed in SQL scripts with an open architecture.Non Microsoft parties can develop advisor packs or extend the existing advisor packs from Microsoft to cover special needs.Supports new features like side by side comparison reports, and trend and historical charts to help you find abnormalities.Provides features such as modify, import, and export thresholds to help you fine tune the reports and notifications and share those tunings with other SPA users.Supports multiple projects, which can be used to group targeted servers.Provides recurring data collection from within the SPA console.Enables custom queries and report generation by using Microsoft SQL Server for advanced users.Customized Windows Power.Shell cmdlets are available to use with SPABackward compatible for importing and viewing reports from a SPA 3.Target audience. The SPA tool is primarily designed for system administrators who manage fewer than 1.It can also be used by support engineers to gather performance data and to troubleshoot performance issues for customers.SPA offers recommendations to help you solve performance problems however, it is based on assumptions that may not be applicable to your specific server environment.The recommendations that are offered through SPA should be considered suggestions.We expect that SPA users have a good understanding of their system configuration, use cases, and the impact of system tuning on the overall system behavior.System administrators should decide if the SPA recommendations should be applied to their environment.What s new in SPA 3.The following features and enhancements were added in SPA 3. Cv Template Microsoft Word 2000 there. Advisor Pack helps analyze the general performance of the server s active directory Domain Services server role.Support for developers to add lost ETW event notifications alert in the advisor packs and making the alert visible when a report has been generated and events were lost due to high frequency logging on a slow or heavily contended disk.Target scenarios.The following are the target scenarios for SPA Server environment.SPA is designed to easily set up and maintain.It applies to server environments that use 1 to 1.SPA will not scale well if you are trying to manage performance for more than 1.For larger or more sophisticated environments, you should consider using System Center Operations Manager.Performance troubleshooting.You can use SPA as a performance troubleshooting tool.It provides the ability to collect high level performance data, it performs a thorough post processing on the data to give you a better understanding of their overall system behavior, and it flags any anomalies.When a performance issue is suspected by a customer, you can use SPA to collect and analyze performance data from the server.SPA generates a report that you can view.SPA reports provide a notification list that highlights potential issues, and a data section that includes various performance index, configurations, and settings for the server.You can use this report to identify the specific performance issue and use the recommendations to find solutions for the issue.Reports can be compared with other reports that were generated at a different time or by a different server.Using this side by side comparison, you can determine differences between baseline normal versus abnormal behavior.Note. SPA is not designed to be a debugging or metering tool.Furthermore, from the perspective of the servers, it can be considered a read only tool, and it does not modify the servers configurations.Performance index monitoring.You can use SPA to monitor the performance index of servers.You can choose to run SPA routinely on servers to collect performance data, and then run a trend chart or an historical chart to spot the abnormalities.You can view the report for a particular analysis, find out more information about the performance issue, and then use the recommendations or other report data to resolve the issue.SPA architecture.The SPA data collection logic is built on a protocol in Windows called Performance Logs and Alerts PLA.PLA allows programs to collect performance data from local or remote servers, such as performance counters, WMI queries, ETW traces, registry keys, and configuration files.When SPA runs performance analysis on a targeted server, it creates a PLA data collector set based on the specific SPA Advisor Pack that you selected.The advisor pack contains the data source to be collected and the file share where the logs are to be stored.SPA data collection only stores a single user account the same user account used by PLA is also used to write the logs.SPA uses a SQL Server database to store the performance logs that are collected from targeted servers.SPA imports all the performance logs from the file share to the database and then uses the data analysis logic inside each advisor pack to process the data and generate the reports.An advisor pack analyzes the performance data that was collected from target servers and generates the SPA reports. Top 2. 00 Best CMD Tricks,Tips And Hacks Of 2. Cmd. exe TricksIn Short Hacks Best CMD Tricks A hidden Terminal in Windows is just Amazing One can use it for hacking and for security as well. This Tool is considered as a Most popular tool for windows. However, We thought this tool is not built for us. But its not trueCommand Prompt Tool CMD is very useful tool But most of us dont even know how to use it So to make clear all you doubts related to CMD. We are here with a List of 2. CMD Tricks, Hacks and All basic things that could help you to learn CMD Tool. Top 2. 00 Best CMD Tips, Tricks And Hacks Of 2. The command prompt also known as cmd tricks allow you to do things which are not available in the GUI of the Windows OS. There are a number of cmd tricks that you can use as a tool. Command prompts are a bit out of date but, they are quite powerful and handy if you want to navigate to a location or if you want to customize your PC using different settings. Command prompts are a bit complex but, the positive side is that it cuts down on the time lost in doing it in a modern way. Hence, we give you some of the best cmd tricks which you can use regularly to do this much easily and conveniently. What is Command Prompt CMD Command Prompt, well known CMD, is the command line interpreter on Windows NT, Windows CE, OS2 and e. Com. Station operating systems. Well, In Command Prompt we could give direction in a specific action assigned to a program to perform a specific task. Also Read How To Hack Android Devices From PCHow To Open Command Prompt Open CMDStep 1 Click On The Start Menu. Step 2 Type CMD or Command Prompt On search box. Step 3 Click on The CMD as shown in the picture. Alternate Press Windows Key R that will eventually open the Run window, where you need to type CMD and hit enter. List Of 2. 00 CMD Tricks Hacks Of 2. Command Prompt Tricks1 Getting help. This trick is for all the beginners as well as professionals since there is a lot Ive can learn using this trick. Thus trick allows you to get the info of almost every command from the command prompt. This info tells you about what that command does, what process are used and also shows you some examples. To execute this trick, you need to type at the end of the command whose info you need. 2 Use of Function Keys. The function keys are F1, F2, F3 till F9. Specific functions are given to every function key. The function of every function key is listed below F1 This function key pastes per character last used the command. F2 You can use this function key to paste last used command only to a specified command character. F3 Paste the Last used command using this function key. F4 Delete command only to a specified command character using this function key. F5 This function key pastes last used the command without cycling. F6 Paste Z using this function key. Group Policy is a feature of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that controls the working environment of user accounts and computer accounts. F7 This function key provides a list of already used commands. F8 This function key pastes cycle able used commands. F9 This function key will let you paste command from the list of recently used commands. 3 To Copy Data From Command Prompt. You cannot just copy from the command using the keyboard shortcut which is CtrlC. To copy data from the command prompt, right click anywhere on the window and then, click on mark from the drop down box. Now, select whatever you want to copy and finally hit enter to copy that part. However, the keyboard shortcut to copy and paste data from the command is enabled in the Windows 1. Check IP Address Of Any Website. Checking the IP address of a particular website is not a difficult task. Ask you need to do is enter nslookup command along with the name of the website. For example below box cmd trick, will give you the IP address of itechhacks website. Execute Different Commands in an Order. There are tricks using which you can easily execute commands one after another. You need to put between two consecutive commands to execute them one after another. 6 Scan the System Files. Scanning and repairing your system files is made easy by the command prompt. Just type sfcscannow and hit enter. The scanning will immediately start and it will either repair the files or provide you with the details of any problem encountered. 7 Create Permanent Folders. Permanent folders can be created using the command prompts. You need to toe the bane of the disk in which you wish to create this folder followed by either md con or md lpt. The final code should look something like D md con. The new folder will be created with this same name. This permanent folder can only be deleted using the command prompt and to do that, you need to swap md con with rd con or md lpt. Compare And Check The Difference. Using command prompts, you can compare two text files and check the difference. To do this, you need to type FC command to enter the directories of both text files. The structure of this command prompt should look like fc nameoffirstfile. If both the files have no difference then, the command will return to the message which reads no difference encountered9 Encrypt Files using Command Prompt. Encrypting important data is a very useful tool in command prompt. Encryption is more like restricting your personal data to yourself. Using command prompt, you can easily encrypt files on your PC. For this, you will first need to change your working directory to the folder which contains your files. You can do this by using the cd command and then, youre Ciper E and hit enter. One done, all the files in this folder will be encrypted. You need to make sure that you set a password for your account or else, this encryption will be of no use. These encrypted files will open normally from your account but, not from any other account. 1. Create a Wi. Fi Hotspot. Using command prompt, you can set up a Wi. Fi hotspot on your PC and thus, be sharing your internet access with a number of devices around you, without making use of any third party app. The steps required to setup this Wi. Fi hotspot are Step 1 Enter the text netsh wlan set hostednetwork modeallow ssidHotspot. Name keyPassword in the command prompt and enter any name you wish in place of Hotspot. Name for your hotspot and Password with a unique password of your choice. Now, hit enter to save the changes. Step 2 To broadcast your Wi. Fi hotspot, you will have to type netsh wlan start hostednetwork in the command prompt so that the devices near you can connect to your hotspot. Step 3 To terminate the Wi. Fi hotspot, you will have to make use of command netsh wlan stop hostednetwork. This will stop the broadcasting. Shut Down Computer With CMDBest CMD Tips, Tricks, and Hacks. You can also shut down your computer by using the command prompt. Type the following command in command prompt. For Shutdown shutdown s. For Restarting shutdown r. For Logoff shutdown l1. Netstat CMD Command 2. Netstat is another best CMD Command, it is an important tool when you want to know about who is establishing a connection with your computer. The output of this command provides you the information about all active connection and listening ports. Check below attributes to execute this CMD 1. Also Read Top Android Secret Codes Hidden Codes Dialer Codes Updated ListBest CMD Tricks Hacks Of 2. CMD Commands Latest1. Accessibility Controls access. Best CMD Tricks. 2. Accessibility Wizard accwiz. Add Hardware Wizard hdwwiz. AddRemove Programs appwiz. Administrative Tools control admintools. Automatic Updates wuaucpl. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard fsquirt. Calculator calc. Certificate Manager certmgr. Character Map charmap. Check Disk Utility chkdsk. Clipboard Viewer clipbrd. Command Prompt cmd. Component Services dcomcnfg. Computer Management compmgmt. Control Panel control. Date and Time Properties timedate. DDE Shares ddeshare. Device Manager devmgmt. Direct X Troubleshooter dxdiag. Disk Cleanup Utility cleanmgr. Disk Defragment dfrg. Disk Management diskmgmt. Disk Partition Manager diskpart. Display Properties control desktop. Display Properties desk. Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility drwtsn. Driver Verifier Utility verifier. Event Viewer eventvwr. Files and Settings Transfer Tool migwiz. File Signature Verification Tool sigverif. Findfast findfast. Firefox firefox. Folders Properties control folders. Fonts control fonts. Fonts Folder fonts. Free Cell Card Game freecell. Game Controllers joy. Best CMD Commands 2. Getting the most from Canons EOS Utility software George Cairns. The EOS Solutions disc that comes with every Canon DSLR contains a useful suite of tools. CPN writer George Cairns explores the discs EOS Utility application that, unlike third party software, is designed to work specifically with your Canon camera. The EOS Utility application is fully compatible with all EOS DSLRs, right back to the EOS D3. In this article well take a look at how the Utility software can be used to import photographs and movies from your Canon DSLR and even control various camera settings remotely. Depending on your camera model it will need to be connected to your computer by either USB or Firewire cable, through the cameras Wi. Fi mode on the EOS 6. D or via WFT transmitter. If your camera doesnt talk to your computer then you may need to ensure that the correct setting is selected in the cameras communication menu normally this will be set to Normal or PC connect its worth checking your user manual to be sure. Once the correct settings are made, launch the EOS Utility and switch on the camera. You will then be presented with the main window. Downloading images. George Cairns. The main screen of the EOS Utility application when it is first opened. Manually downloading images from a memory card can be a slow and tedious process selecting a location, creating folders, working out a naming scheme. The EOS Utility speeds up the importing and storing process and makes it more efficient. Click Control Camera in the EOS Utilitys main window and the program provides two options for downloading files from the camera it will download everything as a batch, or you can manually select which images or video clips to import. It will then automatically create and name folders for you to then store your imported photos and video clips. Clicking on the Starts to download images button downloads all the images and video clips on the cameras memory card to your computer. By default, images are saved in your Mac or PCs Pictures folder and sorted by date into sub folders. By default all JPEG images are opened in Digital Photo Professional after download, but you can set the applications Linked Software preference to launch DPP after youve imported other formats such as. A digital singlelens reflex camera also called a digital SLR or DSLR is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a singlelens reflex camera. CRW or. CR2 format RAW files. After the batch download has been completed, the images will be displayed in the main window of Digital Photo Professional for you to then edit. You can also set the Linked Software preference menu to make EOS Utility launch alternative Canon applications such as Image. Browser EX. Perfect Preferences. The EOS Utilitys Preferences button enables you choose a different Destination Folder such as one on a portable hard drive. This is useful, as your computers Pictures folder will soon get clogged up with high resolution stills and video clips. You can also refine how an imported shot is labelled in the drop down menu go to Destination Folder, click Customise and choose labelling criteria such as Shooting Date and Owners Name. This is a handy option if several photographers are shooting in the studio and downloading their images to the same computer. George Cairns. Customise Preferences to name your files in more useful ways, such as including the camera owners name. You can customise the Download Images Preferences to import all images on the card, images that have yet to be downloaded or even images whose print order settings were specified with the cameras menu settings. You can also use Preferences to fine tune the way EOS Utility works in Remote Shooting mode, such as getting it to sync with the camera when you start or stop Live View. Well talk more about the apps powerful Remote Shooting options later. Downloading all the images on the card can be convenient, as you can do other things while they import. You may save editing time and hard drive storage space by using the EOS Utility to select and download the best images to your computer while leaving the unwanted shots on the card. The Lets you select and download images button provides thumbnail previews of all the images on the cameras memory card and allows you to tick boxes to indicate which shots should be downloaded. A drop down filter menu at the top right of the EOS Utility enables you to fine tune your import criteria. You can select all protected images from the camera, for example, or choose shots that you rated in camera instead. Once youve selected the desired thumbnails you can choose to show only the selected images in the EOS Utility window. After youve refined your image import selection, click Download. A dialogue box will appear, enabling you set the destination folder and the file naming convention. Click OK. A Quick Preview window will then show you a larger version of each photograph as it is downloaded from the camera into the relevant folder on your hard drive. Camera settings. George Cairns. Click Download and watch a preview of each photograph as EOS Utility imports them into your computer. EOS cameras have increasingly sophisticated options for setting picture styles, white balance presets and other menu options. While it is possible to set all options in the camera menu, its often more convenient to work on the larger computer monitor and make the changes remotely using the EOS Utility. Take the task of assigning copyright details to your shots in camera. It can be a time consuming chore to use the cameras cross keys to select a letter and then press Set to enter it. Even typing a name on an EOS 6. Ds touch sensitive screen can be fiddly due to its relatively small size. Once youve connected your camera to your computer, launch the EOS Utility software and go to the Camera SettingsRemote Shooting panel. After clicking the set up menu icon you can then use your computers keyboard to input the Owners name and add Copyright details such as your websites URL. This information will then be stored in the metadata of all the photographs that you capture in camera. George Cairns. Save time inputting information using the cameras fiddly text input method and type into the EOS Utilitys Camera Settings menu using your keyboard. Your EOS DSLRs Picture Styles feature provides a powerful way to enhance the look of your images. When working with JPEG files, the changes to colour, tone and sharpness are made permanent, but by shooting in RAW and opening the images in Digital Photo Professional DPP, the look of the files can be edited. EOS Utility enables you to customise in camera Picture Styles by clicking on the Shooting menu tab. You can then click on the Picture Style label and modify default styles such as Monochrome. This provides a quick and easy way to fine tune the Monochrome Picture Styles Contrast and Sharpness sliders, as well as changing filter effects to lighten or darken greyscale tones of specific colours in the original scene. This mimics the traditional technique of placing coloured filters over the lens when shooting in black and white. EOS DSLRs such as the EOS 6. D have a My Menu settings tab that stores your six favourite menu commands. The EOS Utilitys Camera Settings tab enables you to customise your My Menu command with ease, thanks to a handy list of all the menu options available. Dont forget to hit the Apply to Camera button when youve customised My Menu. Other changes that you make to Picture Styles or copyright information will also be uploaded to your camera. George Cairns. Customise the look of your EOS DSLRs particular Picture Style from the comfort of the EOS Utility and send it to your camera. George Cairns. Choose your favourite six menu commands from a list of options so that they appear in your Canons My Menu settings screen. Remote capture with Live View. One of the most useful and powerful functions of the EOS Utility is a feature which allows you to remotely control properties such as your cameras aperture, shutter speed, ISO and shutter button from your computer. This is especially useful if youre shooting in a studio and want to preview your tethered cameras composition on a larger screen and control other camera settings from your Mac or PC. Thanks to EOS DSLRs with Live View, you can click the EOS Utilitys Live View Shoot button and view the video feed in the Remote Live View window on your computer. You can use the Remote Live View window to make the camera focus on a particular object just by clicking on it with your cursor. PIXMA E4. 70 Canon India. Lower Cost Cartridges. Affordable ink cartridges for high quality printing. Canon PRINT Inkjet SELPHY App. Enjoy easy wireless setup, printing and scanning with this free app. Also allows you to monitor ink level status and setup cloud services remotely. Auto Power ONAuto Power ON detects a print command and will automatically switch the printer on with a USB connection. PIXMA Cloud Link. With PIXMA Cloud Link, you can print from popular online services like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Evernote, Dropbox. Now you can also Scan to Email and Attach to Webmail services like Google and Yahoo. PIXMA Cloud Link scan related applications are applicable to users that use genuine Canon ink cartridges. Wireless Connectivity. Print, scan, and perform printer operations with ease, without the need to be tethered to a PC via USB. IEEE 1. 39. 4 Wikipedia.IEEE 1.It was developed in the late 1.Apple, which called it Fire.Wire.The 1. 39. 4 interface is also known by the brand i.Winstep%20Xtreme%209.12%20Beta%206.jpg' alt='Download Windows Xp Performance Edition Sp3 March 2009 Jobs' title='Download Windows Xp Performance Edition Sp3 March 2009 Jobs' />InformationWeek.News, analysis and research for business technology professionals, plus peertopeer knowledge sharing.Engage with our community.LINK Sony, and Lynx Texas Instruments.The copper cable it uses in its most common implementation can be up to 4.Power is also carried over this cable allowing devices with moderate power requirements to operate without a separate power supply.Fire.Wire is also available in wireless, Cat 5, fiber optic, and coaxial versions.The 1.USB, though USB requires a master controller and has greater market share.IEEE 1.SCSI in many applications, because of lower implementation costs and a simplified, more adaptable cabling system.History and developmentedit.The 6 conductor and 4 conductor alpha Fire.Wire 4.A 9 pin Fire. Wire 8.Fire.Wire 4. 00 alpha connectors.A pair of 6 conductor alpha connectors on the edge of an expansion card.Fire.Wire is Apples name for the IEEE 1.Latest trending topics being covered on ZDNet including Reviews, Tech Industry, Security, Hardware, Apple, and Windows.Download Windows Xp Performance Edition Sp3 March 2009 Jobs' title='Download Windows Xp Performance Edition Sp3 March 2009 Jobs' />High Speed Serial Bus.It was initiated by Apple in 1.IEEE P1.Working Group, largely driven by contributions from Apple, although major contributions were also made by engineers from Texas Instruments, Sony, Digital Equipment Corporation, IBM, and INMOSSGS Thomson now STMicroelectronics.IEEE 1.Fire. Wire is a serial bus, meaning that information is transferred one bit at a time.Parallel buses utilize a number of different physical connections, and as such are usually more costly and typically heavier.IEEE 1.Apple intended Fire.Wire to be a serial replacement for the parallel SCSI bus while providing connectivity for digital audio and video equipment.Apples development began in the late 1.IEEE,5 and was completed in January 1.In 2.IEEE 1.IEEE Std. 1.IEEE Std. 1. 39. 4a 2.IEEE Std.IEEE Std. 1. 39. 4c 2.On June 1.IEEE Std. 1. 39. 4 2.Apple first included on board Fire.Wire in some of its 1.Macintosh models though it had been a build to order option on some models since 1.Apple Macintosh computers manufactured in the years 2.Fire.Wire ports.However, in February 2.Apple introduced the first commercially available computer with Thunderbolt.Apple released its last computers featuring Fire.Wire late 2.By 2. 01. 4 Thunderbolt had become a standard feature across Apples entire line of computers effectively becoming the spiritual successor to Fire.Wire in the Apple ecosystem.Sonys implementation of the system, i.LINK, used a smaller connector with only four signal conductors, omitting the two conductors that provide power for devices in favor of a separate power connector.This style was later added into the 1.This port is sometimes labeled S1.S4.Mbits.The system was commonly used to connect data storage devices and DV digital video cameras, but was also popular in industrial systems for machine vision and professional audio systems.Many users preferred it over the more common USB 2.Benchmarks show that the sustained data transfer rates are higher for Fire.Wire than for USB 2.USB 3.Results are marked on Apple Mac OS X but more varied on Microsoft Windows.Implementation of IEEE 1.Use of these patents requires licensing use without license generally constitutes patent infringement.Companies holding IEEE 1.IP formed a patent pool with MPEG LA, LLC as the license administrator, to whom they licensed patents.MPEG LA sublicenses these patents to providers of equipment implementing IEEE 1.Under the typical patent pool license, a royalty of US0.A person or company may review the actual 1.Patent Portfolio License upon request to MPEG LA.Implementors would thereby ordinarily reveal some interest to MPEG LA early in the design process.MPEG LA does not provide assurance of protection to licensees beyond its own patents.At least one formerly licensed patent is known to be removed from the pool,1.IEEE 1.In total, over 1.WIPO minimum preceding 2.IEEE 1.MPEG LA. improper synthesisThe 1.High Performance Serial Bus Trade Association the 1.TA was formed to aid marketing of IEEE 1.Its bylaws prohibit dealing with intellectual property issues.The 1.Trade Association operates on an individual no cost membership basis to further enhancements to 1.The Trade Association also is the library source for all 1.Technical specificationseditFire.Wire can connect up to 6.Parallel SCSIs electrical bus topology.It allows peer to peer device communication such as communication between a scanner and a printer to take place without using system memory or the CPU.Fire.Wire also supports multiple hosts per bus.It is designed to support plug and play and hot swapping.The copper cable it uses in its most common implementation can be up to 4.SCSI cables.In its six conductor or nine conductor variations, it can supply up to 4.Fire.Wire devices implement the ISOIEC 1.ROM model for device configuration and identification, to provide plug and play capability.All Fire.Wire devices are identified by an IEEE EUI 6.Fire.Wire devices are organized at the bus in a tree topology.Each device has a unique self ID.One of the nodes is elected root node and always has the highest ID.The self IDs are assigned during the self ID process, which happens after each bus resets.The order in which the self IDs are assigned is equivalent to traversing the tree depth first, post order.Fire.Wire is capable of safely operating critical systems due to the way multiple devices interact with the bus and how the bus allocates bandwidth to the devices.Fire.Wire is capable of both asynchronous and isochronous transfer methods at once.Isochronous data transfers are transfers for devices that require continuous, guaranteed bandwidth.In an aircraft, for instance, Isochronous devices include control of the rudder, mouse operations and data from pressure sensors outside the aircraft.All these elements require constant, uninterrupted bandwidth.To support both elements, Fire.Wire dedicates a certain percentage to isochronous data and the rest to asynchronous data.In IEEE 1.Encoding schemeeditFire.Wire uses Data strobe encoding DS encoding.In DS encoding, two non return to zero NRZ signals are used to transmit the data with high reliability.The NRZ signal sent is fed with the clock signal through an XOR gate, creating a strobe signal.This strobe is then put through another XOR gate along with the data signal to reconstruct the clock.This in turn acts as the buss Phase locked loop for synchronization purposes.ArbitrationeditThe process of the bus deciding which node gets to transmit data at what time is known as arbitration.Cowboy Cool Free Mp3 Download .Each arbitration round lasts about 1.During the round, the root node device nearest the processor sends a cycle start packet.All nodes requiring data transfer respond, with the closest node winning.After the node is finished, the remaining nodes take turns in order.This repeats until all the devices have used their portion of the 1.Standards and versionseditThe previous standards and its three published amendments are now incorporated into a superseding standard, IEEE 1.The features individually added give a good history on the development path.Fire. Nod32 Detecta Keygen Como Virus Alert . Wire 4. 00 IEEE 1.The original release of IEEE 1.Fire.Wire 4. 00.It can transfer data between devices at 1.Mbitshalf duplex2.Mbits, i.These different transfer modes are commonly referred to as S1.S2.S4. 00.Cable length is limited to 4.Fire.Wire equipment.The S4. We should no longer accept that these companies do business in Europe while paying minimal amounts of tax to our treasuries, the letter read. Do Parents Matter Posted August 17, 1998 by Malcolm Gladwell filed under Annals of Behavior, The New Yorker Archive. If it hadnt gone down, dosage mind the. 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul. Todays Stock Market News and Analysis. CLOSEXPlease confirm your selection. You have selected to change your default setting for the Quote Search. This will now be your default target page. Are you sure you want to change your settingsGeneral Information for GSTHST Registrants. RC4. 02. 2E Rev. 1. If you are blind or partially sighted, you can get our publications in braille, large print, etext, or MP3 by going to About multiple formats. You can also get our publications and your personalized correspondence in these formats by calling 1 8. This guide uses plain language to explain the most common tax situations. It is provided for information only and does not replace the law. La version franaise de ce guide est intitule Renseignements gnraux sur la TPSTVH pour les inscrits. Ontario Tax Credits Child Activity Desk For OlderIs this guide for you If you own or operate a business in Canada, you need to know about the goods and services tax GST and the harmonized sales tax HST. This guide provides general information such as how to collect, record, calculate, and remit the GSTHST. It also includes line by line instructions to help you complete your GSTHST return. Selected listed financial institutions. This guide does not include information on the special rules for selected listed financial institutions. If you are a selected listed financial institution, see Guide RC4. GSTHST Information for Selected Listed Financial Institutions. Non residents and specific business entities. This guide does not provide detailed information for non residents and certain businesses such as financial institutions, tour operators, builders, and land developers. GSTHST and Quebec. In Quebec, Revenu Qubec generally administers the GSTHST. If the physical location of your business is in Quebec, you have to file your returns with Revenu Qubec using its forms, unless you are a person that is a selected listed financial institution SLFI for GSTHST or QST purposes or both. For more information, see the Revenu Qubec publication IN 2. V, General Information Concerning the QST and the GSTHST, or call 1 8. If you are an SLFI, go to Financial institutions. First Nations taxes. The First Nations goods and services tax FNGST is a tax that replaces the GST on the lands of First Nations that have imposed the FNGST. The First Nations tax FNT is a tax on the sale of listed products on some First Nations reserves. The Canada Revenue Agency CRA administers the FNGST and the FNT on behalf of the First Nations. For more information, go to First Nations Goods and Services Tax, and First Nations Tax, or see GSTHST Notice 2. Collecting First Nations Taxes in a Participating Province. Whats new We list the major changes below. This guide contains information based on amendments to the Excise Tax Act and Regulations. At the time of publication, some of these amendments were proposed and not law. The publication of this guide should not be taken as a statement by the Canada Revenue Agency that these amendments will in fact become law in their current form. If they become law as proposed, they will be effective as of the dates indicated. For more information on these and other changes, see the areas outlined in this guide. Harmonized sales tax rate change for New Brunswick. As of July 1, 2. 01. New Brunswick increased its harmonized sales tax rate to 1. Harmonized sales tax rate change for Newfoundland and Labrador. As of July 1, 2. 01. Newfoundland and Labrador increased its harmonized sales tax rate to 1. Harmonized sales tax rate change for Prince Edward Island. As of October 1, 2. Prince Edward Island increased its harmonized sales tax rate to 1. Point of sale rebate for Newfoundland and Labrador. As of January 1, 2. Newfoundland and Labrador. For more information, see the chart Qualifying items for the point of sale rebate. New rebate for printed books in Newfoundland and Labrador. As of January 1, 2. HST payable on printed books purchased in, imported, or brought into Newfoundland and Labrador. For more information, see Guide RC4. GSTHST Public Service Bodies Rebate. Online services built for businesses. You can now sign up for online mail by entering an email address when filing a GSTHST NETFILE return. To view your notices, statements, and letters from the CRA, log in to or register for My Business Account. To access our online services, go to For more information, see Handling business taxes online. Online services, for representatives. Authorized representatives can now register for online mail on behalf of their business clients by entering an email address when filing a GSTHST NETFILE return. Definitions. Arms length generally refers to a relationship or a transaction between persons acting in their separate interests. An arms length transaction is generally a transaction that reflects ordinary commercial dealings between parties acting in their own interests. Related persons are not considered to deal with each other at arms length. For example, individuals connected by blood relationship, marriage or common law partnership or adoption, are related persons. A corporation and another person or two corporations may also be related persons. Also, for purposes of the GSTHST, a member of a partnership is related to the partnership. For more information and examples of related persons, see Income Tax Folio S1 F5 C1, Related Persons and Dealing at Arms Length. Unrelated persons may not be dealing with each other at arms length at a particular time. Each case will depend upon its own facts. The following factors are useful criteria that will be considered in determining whether parties are not dealing at arms length the existence of a common mind which directs the bargaining for both parties to a transaction the parties to a transaction are acting in concert without separate interests acting in concert means, for example, a group acting with considerable interdependence in transactions involving a common purpose orthe existence of control of one party by the other by way of, for example, advantage, authority or influence. For more information, see Income Tax Folio S1 F5 C1, Related Persons and Dealing at Arms Length. Associated person for GSTHST purposes, a person is associated with another person, generally, where one controls the other. Associated persons referred to generally as associates is this publication may include two or more corporations an individual and a corporation a person and a partnership or trust ortwo persons, if they are associated with the same third person. Basic tax content of a property generally means the amount of the GSTHST that was payable for your last acquisition of the property, and for any improvements you made to the property since that last acquisition, less any amounts that you were, or would have been, entitled to recover for example, by rebate or remission, but not by input tax credits. The calculation for the basic tax content also takes into account any depreciation in the value of the property since you last acquired it for example, when you purchased it or were last considered to have purchased it. You may have to calculate the basic tax content of a property if you are a registrant and you increase or decrease your use of the property in your commercial activities. For more information, see Calculating the basic tax content. Calendar quarter means a period of three months beginning on the first day of January, April, July or October in each calendar year. Calendar year means a year that begins on January 1, and ends on December 3. Charity means a registered charity or registered Canadian amateur athletic association for income tax purposes, but does not include a public institution. A charity can issue official donation receipts for income tax purposes. Commercial activity means any business or adventure or concern in the nature of trade carried on by a person, but does not include the making of exempt supplies orany business or adventure or concern in the nature of trade carried on without a reasonable expectation of profit by an individual, a personal trust, or a partnership where all the members are individuals. Commercial activity also includes a supply of real property, other than an exempt supply, made by any person, whether or not there is a reasonable expectation of profit, and anything done in the course of making the supply or in connection with the making of the supply. Exempt supplies are supplies of property and services that are not subject to the GSTHST. GSTHST registrants generally cannot claim input tax credits to recover the GSTHST paid or payable on property and services acquired to make exempt supplies. Here’s How to Enable Google Home’s Latest Updates. Google Home owners will probably be talking to their living rooms a lot more thanks to an update that lets the voice assistant make phone calls to the U. S. and Canada. It’s one of many recent updates granting the smart home device more features and compatibility with other services. Phone Calls Without the Phone. The calls are made over Wi- Fi, with numbers pulled either from businesses or your Google Contacts list. Your file will start downloading within 5 seconds. Thank you for using our services. Keep visiting and share with your friends and colleagues, Don’t forget to. Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open-source media player software application developed by the XBMC Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium. more. Top Best Free Movie Downloads Sites 2017 For Full Movie Downloads Movies Counter. Movies Counter is one of best free movie downloads sites to download full Hindi and. Google Home owners will probably be talking to their living rooms a lot more thanks to an update that lets the voice assistant make phone calls to the U.S. and Canada. Saying the phrase “Hey Google, call Dad” is enough to get your pop pop on the horn (in speakerphone mode, of course). If you share your Google Home with someone else, its voice recognition capabilities will ensure you call the appropriate patriarch. Google may be playing catch up with the Amazon Echo, but Google Home already has a bunch of…Read more Read. There are a few bugs Google needs to iron out to make this a truly seamless calling experience, however. For starters, the Google Home call recipient won’t see your number (unless you have Project Fi—more on that below), though the company says it’ll display the correct number for all users by the end of the year. It also doesn’t have 9. Project Fi Users Get Perks. Google Home owners using Google’s Project Fi wireless phone service or Google Voice are privy to an extra feature or two compared to customers with a different wireless provider. For one, your phone number is displayed on your call recipient’s phone, meaning they’ll actually see who’s calling instead of assuming you’re some sort of robocaller. You can also make calls to “premium rate numbers” and international numbers at their respective rates, a feature unavailable to Google Home owners without the aforementioned accounts. Visit “More Settings” then select “Calls” to activate the feature. Finally, Bluetooth Support. In addition to making phone calls, Google Home’s software update finally adds Bluetooth audio streaming support, a much- requested feature that’s been present in Amazon’s competing Echo voice assistant since its own debut. It also adds free built- in streaming music through Spotify Free and Deezer, a perk previously associated exclusively with premium accounts. Granted, you won’t be able to play songs on- demand with the built- in Spotify Free account, but at least you’ll be able to listen to some ad- supported hits and use Google Assistant to select different playlists. Not a streaming music subscriber? If you don’t use any of Google Home’s supported music streaming services, you can connect your Google Home to your phone via Bluetooth and play tunes through the app of your choice. Open the Google Home app, hit the Devices button in the top right corner, then tap the three dots next to your Google Home. From there you can select Paired Bluetooth Devices and add your own. Google Assistant offers simplified voice commands when paired over Bluetooth, like pausing and volume control, and lets you play tunes from places besides Google Play Music or Spotify (like Apple Music or Overcast). This week, Google released Google Home, a voice- controlled smart appliance, to compete with the…Read more Read. Compared to the Amazon Echo, Google Home finally has the basics down, and is set to add even cooler tricks (like streaming Home requests to your TV via Chromecast) in the near future. Watch breaking news videos, viral videos and original video clips on CNN.com. Active Voice Present Continuous Tense Verbs . Charlie Pierce on all this ESPN nonsense and newspapering and what not is so fantastic and I’m bitter we didn’t run it. Telecharger Carte Europe Tomtom One Xl Gratuitг© Pass Navigo . Go check it out. [SI].Hyde Park Group is a strategic culinary company connecting consumer insight to new food and beverage design.We deliver trend-forward new products. Deadspin. Charlie Pierce on all this ESPN nonsense and newspapering and what not is so fantastic and I’m bitte. Charlie Pierce on all this ESPN nonsense and newspapering and what not is so fantastic and I’m bitter we didn’t run it. Go check it out. [SI]. Fishy 1Probeer om alle kleinere visjes op te eten en wordt een dikke vis! 8 Agar.ioPak de stipjes om te groeien en wordt zo groot dat je ook andere spelers kunt opeten. For Fallout: New Vegas - Ultimate Edition on the PlayStation 3, FAQ/Walkthrough by Shotgunnova. All Games - All Online Games at Addicting. . “There will be chocolate, vanilla and birthday cake flavored ice cream heading to the International Space Station on today’s launch, as well as ice cream candy. Click here for tips, tricks and walkthrough! Please note: The online version of this game requires an ActiveX plug-in, which may no longer work.
Libro - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. Un libro (del latínliber, libri) es una obra impresa, manuscrita o pintada en una serie de hojas de papel, pergamino, vitela u otro material, unidas por un lado (es decir, encuadernadas) y protegidas con tapas, también llamadas cubiertas. Un libro puede tratar sobre cualquier tema. Según la definición de la Unesco,[1] un libro debe poseer 2. También se llama "libro" a una obra de gran extensión publicada en varias unidades independientes, llamados "tomos" o "volúmenes". Otras veces se llama también "libro" a cada una de las partes de una obra, aunque físicamente se publiquen todas en un mismo volumen (ejemplo: Libros de la Biblia). Hoy en día, no obstante, esta definición no queda circunscrita al mundo impreso o de los soportes físicos, dada la aparición y auge de los nuevos formatos documentales y especialmente de la World Wide Web. El libro digital o libro electrónico, conocido como e- book, está viendo incrementado su uso en el mundo del libro y en la práctica profesional bibliotecaria y documental. Además, el libro también puede encontrarse en formato audio, en cuyo caso se denomina audiolibro. Desde los orígenes, la humanidad ha tenido que hacer frente a una cuestión fundamental: la forma de preservar y transmitir su cultura, es decir, sus creencias y conocimientos, tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo. El planteamiento de esta cuestión supone: por un lado, determinar la forma de garantizar la integridad intelectual del contenido de la obra y la conservación del soporte en el que fue plasmada, y por otro, encontrar el medio por el cual se mantendrá inalterada la intención o finalidad para la cual se concibió. Los orígenes de la historia del libro se remontan a las primeras manifestaciones pictóricas de nuestros antepasados, la pintura rupestre del hombre del paleolítico. Con un simbolismo, posiblemente cargado de significados mágicos, estas pinturas muestran animales, cacerías y otras escenas cotidianas del entorno natural del hombre antiguo, que trataba de dominar las fuerzas adversas de la naturaleza capturando su esencia mediante su representación. Son el más antiguo precedente de los primeros documentos impresos de que se tiene memoria. GUIA DO PRAZER: Tudo o que você precisa saber sobre sexo está aqui Torne-se um expert, aprenda com a experiência de outras pessoas. Adobe Acrobat Pro How To Add Signature To Text . Comunicación oral y formas rudimentarias[editar]Las señales gestuales fueron la primera forma de expresar y transmitir mensajes. La palabra hablada es la manera más antigua de contar historias. Mediante fórmulas de valor mnemotécnico[2] se estructuraban narraciones, que pasaban de generación en generación como valiosa herencia cultural de los más diversos grupos humanos. Dichas reglas mnemotécnicas ayudaban tanto a la memorización como a la difusión de los relatos. Es el caso de los poemas homéricos, que han merecido valiosos estudios sobre el particular. Posiblemente, gran parte de las tradiciones y leyendas han tenido semejante inicio. Esta transmisión oral tenía el inconveniente de los «ruidos» que deformaban el mensaje. La mayoría de las veces era el narrador (rapsoda, aeda, juglar) quien en función de sus intereses la deformaba de una u otra forma. La escritura[editar]Cuando los sistemas de escritura fueron inventados en las antiguas civilizaciones, el hombre utilizó diversos soportes de escritura: tablillas de arcilla, ostracon, placas de hueso o marfil, tablas de madera, papiros, tablillas enceradas, planchas de plomo, pieles curtidas, etc. La escritura fue el resultado de un proceso lento de evolución con diversos pasos: imágenes que reproducían objetos cotidianos (pictografía); representación mediante símbolos (ideografía); y la reproducción de sílabas y letras. Los más antiguos vestigios de escritura se encuentran, hacia finales del IV milenio a. C., en el Antiguo Egipto, con jeroglíficos, y la antigua Mesopotamia, mediante signos cuneiformes (escritura cuneiforme; utilizaban una varilla con sección triangular, que al hendir en placas de arcilla, dejaba una marca en forma de cuña). La usaron los sumerios, acadios, asirios, hititas, persas, babilonios etc. La escritura egipcia, que perduró más de tres milenios, mediante jeroglíficos, representaba ideas abstractas, objetos, palabras, sílabas, letras y números. Evolucionó en las escrituras hierática y demótica. Otros pueblos, como los hititas y los aztecas también tuvieron tipos propios de escritura. La escritura china más antigua que se conoce son 5. C. en el yacimiento de Xiaotun, en la provincia de Henan. Pero los primeros libros reconocibles de China corresponden al siglo VI a. C., los jiance o jiandu, rollos de finas tiras de bambú o madera grabados con tinta indeleble y atados con cordel. Estos textos servían principalmente a causas institucionales , era la obra de funcionarios civiles o militares.[3]Desde Confucio en adelante (5. C.) los libros se convirtieron en importantes instrumentos de aprendizaje, se escribieron tratados de filosofía, medicina, astronomía y cartografía. En el período de los reinos combatientes (4. C.) La seda se usó mucho como soporte para escribir. La tela era ligera, resistente al clima húmedo, absorbía bien la tinta y proporcionaba al texto un fondo blanco, sin embargo era mucho más cara que el bambú, es por esto que en ocasiones se hacía una copia en bambú antes de grabarse en seda los textos importantes. La invención del papel según la tradición china, se atribuye a un eunuco de la corte imperial llamado Cai Lin en el 1. C. Usando nuevos ingredientes (trapos viejos, cáñamo, corteza de árbol y redes de pescar) creó un método de fabricación de papel muy similar al que se usa hoy en día. Pero el papel tardó cientos de años en reemplazar al bambú y la seda, fue hasta finales del siglo II d. C. que la corte imperial lo usó en cantidades importantes. Esta innovación no se propagó fuera de China hasta el 6. C. aproximadamente, y alcanzó Europa a través de España hasta el siglo XII. A mediados del siglo VIII los chinos inventaron la impresión xilográfica, o el grabado en madera, y la necesidad de reproducir un gran número de textos e imágenes budistas, calendarios, manuales de adivinación y diccionarios promovió una rápida y temprana propagación de la xilografía. El primer libro impreso chino que se ha encontrado es el Sutra del diamante del 8. C. Los impresores chinos crearon los tipos móviles hacia el siglo XI, el escritor chino Ch'en Kua (1. Mengshi Pitan), según el escritor el herrero Jen. Tsung de la dinastía de los Song del norte entre 1. También se le atribuye la creación de una mesa giratoria para guardar los caracteres, esta técnica se llamaba tipografía tablearia. Hacia el 1. 30. 0 Wang- Tcheng, un técnico agrónomo, emplazó la arcilla por madera de azufaifo, que era mucho más dura. Pero este avance no revolucionó la imprenta hasta el punto que lo hizo Gutenberg en Europa 4. A diferencia de las lenguas europeas, el chino escrito requiere miles de caracteres únicos, lo que hace mucho más eficaz los bloques de madera individuales que los enormes conjuntos de tipos reutilizables. En contraste con el declive de las artes de los escribas en occidente en los siglos que siguieron a la creación de la imprenta de tipos móviles, la caligrafía china conservó su prestigio, era un arte. No obstante, a finales del siglo XV, China había producido más libros que el resto del mundo junto. Los árabes aprendieron la técnica para fabricar papel de sus contactos con China en el siglo VIII, y este se introdujo en Europa en el siglo XII a través de la España musulmana.[3]La obra xilográfica más antigua encontrada hasta nuestros días es el Dharani Sutra de Corea, datado en el 7. C., aunque no se sabe quién fue el inventor de la xilografía los chinos y coreanos fueron los que impulsaron la impresión xilográfica, principalmente para editar textos religiosos. El budismo chino y coreano fue el vehículo que trasmitió la xilografía a Japón. Pero Corea realizó muchos otros avances que revolucionaron la manera de imprimir y en consecuencia el libro. Entre 1. 23. 4 y 1. Gwanghwa, debido a la invasión mongol, no disponían de madera dura fue entonces que imprimieron 2. Go geum sang jeong ye mun con caracteres móviles metálicos. La obra del año 1. Más tarde el rey Taejong puso en funcionamiento un taller que contribuía a la difusión de la escritura y en 1. Jujaso, donde se fabricaban caracteres móviles de imprenta, realizó la primera fundición de tipos móviles en bronce. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
September 2018
Categories |